HIV: What Are the Signs and Symptoms?
HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) affects the body’s immune system and can develop in stages over time. While many people experience no symptoms at all in the early phase, others may notice flu-like signs within the first few weeks after exposure.
Understanding these symptoms—and the importance of testing—can help you take action early.
Early Symptoms of HIV Infection
During the first 2 to 6 weeks after infection, some people develop symptoms known as acute retroviral syndrome. These occur as the immune system reacts to the virus.
Common early signs include:
Fever
Sore throat
Body rash
Fatigue or extreme tiredness
Joint or muscle pain
Swollen lymph nodes
Nausea or vomiting
Diarrhoea
These symptoms are often mistaken for colds, flu, or other viral illnesses. In fact, studies from the National AIDS Trust suggest that up to 90% of newly infected individuals experience early symptoms—but many don’t realise they are linked to HIV.
These early symptoms may last from a few days to several weeks. If you notice these signs after possible exposure to HIV, it’s important to get tested.
Long-Term Symptoms of HIV
After the initial stage, HIV enters what is known as the asymptomatic phase. This can last 8 to 10 years or longer without treatment. During this time, the virus continues to harm your immune system, even if you feel healthy.
As the immune system weakens over time, symptoms may become more noticeable and include:
Unexplained weight loss
Chronic fatigue
Recurring infections (such as colds or chest infections)
Persistent diarrhoea
Frequent cold sores or thrush
Night sweats
Skin rashes or outbreaks
Swollen glands (in the neck, groin or armpits)
These symptoms appear because HIV targets CD4 cells—a type of white blood cell that helps coordinate your body’s immune response. As CD4 levels drop, the body becomes less able to fight infections.
HIV and AIDS
If HIV remains untreated, the immune system can become severely compromised. At this point, a person may be diagnosed with AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome)—the most advanced stage of HIV.
AIDS is defined by the presence of specific opportunistic infections such as pneumonia, tuberculosis, or other serious illnesses that would not normally affect someone with a healthy immune system.
However, most people living with HIV today will not develop AIDS, thanks to early testing, proper treatment, and effective medication.
When Should You Get Tested?
You should always consider an HIV test if you:
Have had unprotected sex with a new or multiple partners
Know a sexual partner is HIV positive
Have shared needles, syringes, or other injecting equipment
Got a tattoo or piercing in a setting where sterilisation wasn’t guaranteed
Have been diagnosed with another STI
Are pregnant or planning to become pregnant
May have had any exposure to blood or bodily fluids
Symptoms alone are not a reliable indicator of HIV. The only way to know for sure is to get tested.
Early Diagnosis Saves Lives
Getting tested early gives you the best chance at a healthy future. With timely diagnosis and the right treatment, HIV can be effectively managed, and most people can live full, healthy lives.
ManaPlus offers reliable HIV testing, including options that can detect the virus as early as 10 days after exposure. If you’re concerned about symptoms or possible exposure, our team is here to help you book a confidential appointment.
Why Choose ManaPlus.co.uk?
Discreet and confidential testing
Fast, accurate results
Comprehensive medical support
Accessible home testing options
Partnerships with UK health experts
Your health and peace of mind are our mission. If you need support following a positive STI result, contact ManaPlus.co.uk today for expert advice, treatment, and ongoing care.